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Ghana
Ghana Mobile Money Interoperability (MMI)
Scheme name: Ghana Mobile Money Interoperability (MMI)
IIPS Type: Mobile money
Instruments: Credit EFT, E-money
Channels: Agent, Branch, USSD, App, Browser, QR
Use cases: Transfers & remittances (P2P), Merchant payments (P2B), Social disbursements (G2P), Inventory & business services (B2B), Salaries & wages (B2P)
Inclusivity level: Progressed
Year of establishment: 2015
System owner: GhIPSS (owned by Bank of Ghana)
Overseer: Bank of Ghana
Operator: GhIPSS
Total Participants: 6
Volumes 2023: 171,299,882
Values 2023: 2,387,719,079 USD
Back to map| Category | Ghana Mobile Money Interoperability (MMI) |
|---|---|
| Geographic reach | Domestic |
| Geographic description | Ghana |
| Scheme governance | GhIPSS |
| Settlement agent | Bank of Ghana |
| Participants - commercial banks | 0 |
| Participants - MMOs | 6 |
| Participants - non-bank PSPs | 0 |
| Participants - MFIs | 0 |
| Volumes 2019 | 804,356 |
| Volumes 2020 | 43,943,434 |
| Volumes 2021 | 121,588,625 |
| US$ Exchange Rate 30 April | 13.5739 |
| Values 2019 | 17,160,936 USD |
| Values 2020 | 432,212,832 USD |
| Values 2021 | 1,522,984,516 USD |
| Values 2022 | 1,946,179,053 USD |
| Values 2023 not-on-us transactions (US$) | 2,387,719,079 USD |
| Values 2023 on-us transactions (US$) | N/A |
| Total value of instant payment transactions 2023 (US$) | 2,387,719,079 USD |
| Interoperability arrangement | Payment system operator |
| Ownership model | Regulator-owned |
| Governance Typology | Central bank |
| Scheme rules shared or publically available? | No |
| Messaging standard | ISO 8583; Proprietary |
| Types of proxy IDs | Mobile phone number; QR code |
| Use of open APIs | Yes |
| QR code standard | N/A |
| Pro-poor governance | Yes |
| CB governance involvement | Yes |
| Expanded use Cases | No |
| Minimum channel functionality | Yes |
| Minimum use case functionality | Yes |
| All licensed PSPs can participate (all-to-all interoperability) | Yes |
| Recourse | No |
| Not-for-loss | Yes |
| Status | Reached progressed level, potential for mature level |
| Strengths/drivers | Fulfilment of progressed criteria as well as a already fulfilling the not-for-loss business model provides a good base to reach mature level. |
| Areas of development | Areas of development include expanding further use cases (P2G and P2B bill), as well as consumer recourse requirements, to fulfill mature level. |
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