This is the first of a series of annual reports by AfricaNenda on the landscape and state of instant and inclusive payment systems in Africa and the extent to which these systems are inclusive, especially for low‑income consumers.

It is based on a cataloguing of instant payment systems in Africa, insights from a range of expert and stakeholder interviews across the continent, primary consumer research in seven countries, and detailed case studies.

This report was made possible through the partnership involving AfricaNenda, the World Bank, and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). Cenfri conducted the research.

This report would not be possible without the generous support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and AfricaNenda’s fiscal sponsor, Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors (RPA).